Category: Holy Bible Book

There are many different views on what this seventy sevens could mean, but we might put them all under six major heads. The first view is the traditional messianic interpretation. This view holds that the final week is a reference to the ministry of Christ and the destruction of the Jerusalem temple. Jesus ultimately fulfills these seventy weeks.

Another popular view is the dispensationalist view. In this view there is a parenthesis between the 69th and 70th week. The first 69 weeks refer to the first coming of Christ and the 70th week is seen as the future seven-year tribulation period which culminates in the second coming of Christ. Almost the polar opposite of this view is the preterist view, which believes all of these events have already been fulfilled and relate to Jewish history, and likely terminated in 70 AD when the temple was destroyed.

The historical-critical interpretation views this as symbolic and figurative rather than a literal timeline. Many hold that the seventy weeks is symbolic of a complete period of judgment and restoration. Most in this camp will view the persecution of the Jews under Antiochus IV Epiphanes and the Maccabean revolt to be the fulfillment of Daniel’s words here. Many of the proponents of this view are modern critical scholars.

Another view is that these words here by Daniel are typological and foreshadowing prophecy that has multiple fulfillments. It might have a fulfillment in Antiochus IV, another fulfillment in the ministry of Christ and the destruction of Jerusalem, as well as a future fulfillment in the end times. This is an attractive view in that it blends the best of historical and futurist perspectives.

Finally, one might take a covenantal interpretation of this passage. It is somewhat similar to the Messianic view but here it is focused upon covenants. In this view the seventy weeks are seen as a complete period marking the culmination of God’s redemptive plan for Israel. The end of these weeks signals the establishment of the new covenant through the work of Christ.

The exact meaning of this “seventy sevens” or “seventy weeks” has been debated for years. In fact, even in the early church there was some debate and confusion about what exactly is meant by Daniel. I won’t pretend to have all of the answers, but one thing I do know – these numbers would have done for Daniel and his original audience what they don’t do for us. It is their “4th of July” or “9/11”.

For a Jewish person, 430 years would have held significant meaning. So would 49 years. And maybe so would 490 years. 430 years would connect to the Exodus story. You mention that and it’s a bit like saying “what are you doing on the 4th?” It was something which they celebrated every year at Passover. They’d have their kids up on their knees, telling them the story of how for 430 years they were in Egyptian bondage as a people and how God rescued them. You hear “430” and you think “rescue.”

‌But 430 isn’t in our text. Another number is 49. Or rather 490. Consider Leviticus 25:8, “You shall count seven weeks of years, seven times seven years, so that the time of the seven weeks of years shall give you forty-nine years.” And what happened at the end of that 49 years? Leviticus tells us,

“Then you shall sound the loud trumpet on the tenth day of the seventh month. On the Day of Atonement you shall sound the trumpet throughout all your land. And you shall consecrate the fiftieth year, and proclaim liberty throughout the land to all its inhabitants. It shall be a jubilee for you, when each of you shall return to his property and each of you shall return to his clan” (Leviticus 25:9).

‌After 49 years, there is Jubilee. A return, going back, no longer being captive, no longer being in bondage. Now add to this the biblical idea of something being “tenfold” to show abundant blessing and what do we have? What might be happening in Daniel? It is a tenfold Jubilee. As Jim Hamilton says,

“Just as liberty was proclaimed in Israel in the year of Jubilee, at the ultimate tenfold jubilee the captives will go free, the land inheritance will be enjoyed and clan fellowship restored.” (Hamilton, With the Clouds of Heaven, 126)

‌That is tracking with what we see in verse 24 when the angel says, “…finish the transgression, put an end to sin, atone for iniquity, bring in everlasting righteousness, seal both vision and prophet, and to anoint a most holy place…” Most of what you read there happens in the year of Jubilee. It’s the end of captivity, the end of exile. The debt has been paid; you’ve been bought back.

‌I am convinced that rather than giving us some end times calendar, this “seventy sevens” is meant to encourage Daniel and show him that a tenfold year of Jubilee is coming. And I believe that this is ultimately fulfilled through the gospel of Jesus Christ. But my view is not the only view out there. There are a few other ways which people interpret this verse. I’ll give you a few and then circle back to how I understand this verse.